Grant Wood
GRANT WOOD (1892–1942)
Grant Wood is an American Painter who became one of the major exponents of Midwestern Regionalism, a movement that flourished in the United States during the 1930s that encompassed many of his works. Wood was trained as a craftsman and designer as well as a painter. After spending 1923 at the Académie Julian in Paris, he returned to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, where, in 1927, he was commissioned to do a stained-glass window. Knowing little about stained glass, he went to Germany to seek craftsmen to assist him. While there he was deeply influenced by the sharply detailed paintings of various German and Flemish masters of the 16th century. Wood subsequently abandoned his Impressionist style and began to paint in the sharply detailed, realistic manner by which he is now known.
A portrait of his mother in this style, “Woman with Plants” (1929), did not attract attention, but in 1930 his “American Gothic” caused a sensation when it was exhibited at the Art Institute of Chicago. The hard, cold realism of this painting and the honest, direct, earthy quality of its subjects were unusual in American art. The work ostensibly portrays a farmer-preacher and his daughter in front of their farmhouse, but Wood actually used his sister, Nan, and his dentist, B.H. McKeeby, as models. As a telling portrait of the sober and hard-working rural dwellers of the Midwest, the painting has become one of the best-known icons of American art.
Grant Wood became one of the leading figures of the Regionalist movement. In another well-known painting, “Daughters of Revolution” (1932), Wood paints a satirical portrait of three unattractive old women who appear smugly satisfied with their American Revolutionary ancestry. In 1934 Wood became assistant professor of fine arts at the University of Iowa, Iowa City. Among his other principal works are several paintings illustrating episodes from American history and a series of rural Midwestern landscapes that communicate a strong sense of American ambience by means of a skillful simplification of form.